Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of chronic systemic inflammation frequently used in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The effect of concurrent training on this protein is not well known. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effects of 8 weeks concurrent training on CRP level in obese middle-aged men.

Twenty three sedentary obese middle-aged men participated in this study as the subject. The subjects were randomly assigned to concurrent training group (n=12) or control group (n=11). The subjects in concurrent training group performed endurance and resistance training on the same days, 3 days a week for 8 weeks.

Body mass, body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were decreased (P<0.05) after 8 weeks concurrent training compared to the control group. For CRP level no significant changes were observed after the intervention.

Although concurrent training is the useful strategy for reduce obesity; CRP level was not affected by 8-week concurrent training in obese middle-aged men.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks aerobic training on dehydroepianderestrone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol in female patients with multiple sclerosis disease.

Twenty seven women with MS disease in a range of 20-47 year of old and EDSS lower than 5.5 participated in this study as the subject. Subjects were divided into control group (n=14) or training group (n=13) randomly. The training group performed aerobic training program, 3 days a week for 8 weeks according to 55-60 percentage of VO2max. The control group was in absolute rest at the same time. Serum level of DHEA-S and cortisol were measured by ELISA kits before and after training.

The results showed that cortisol and DHEA-S concentrations did not change significantly after the intervention.

In conclusion, the results suggest aerobic training with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study had not effects on cortisol and DHEA-S levels in female patients with MS.

Immersion in cold water has been used as a therapeutic treatment for restoring physical activity and mental health. The effect of this method on reduction of exercise induced-inflammation is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold water immersion on CRP levels after an exhaustive aerobic training.

20 male table tennis athletes were participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects were divided into the passive recovery (n=10) or cold water immersion (n=10) groups. All the subjects were performed the Bruce test protocol as the exhaustive aerobic training. Blood CRP was measured at three times: before and immediately after the exhaustive aerobic training and after the recovery strategies.

The results showed that the CRP levels increased immediately after the exhaustive aerobic training in the two groups (P<0.05). Blood CRP levels decreased after 15 min passive recovery and cold water immersion compare to after the exhaustive aerobic training (P<0.05). Bonferroni Post hoc test indicates that no significant differences were observed between two types of recovery.

The results suggested that no significant differences are exist between the passive recovery and cold water immersion on reduction of exercise-induce inflammation; thus these two strategies are well for CRP reduction after intensive exercise.

The aim of present study was to comparison of glucose and insulin concentration in elite sprint and endurance runners after an exhaustive aerobic exercise.

Sixteen elite sprint (n=8; 3.8 ± 1.8 years experience of tournament playing, mean ± SD) and endurance (n-8; 6.2 ± 2.3 years experience of tournament playing, mean ± SD) runners volunteered to participate in this study. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, 30 and 120 min after the Bruce test. Glucose solution containing 75 g oral glucose dissolved in 250 ml of water to drink was consumed by subjects after the exercise.

The results showed that glucose and insulin level increased 30 and 120 min after the exercise in compare to basal level in both groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between the groups.

In conclusion, sprint and endurance running have similar effects on glucose and insulin concentration after an exhaustive exercise.

Cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) is currently considered as an ideal biomarker for the diagnosis of cardiac injury and Metallothionein has a protective effect against oxidative species damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic activity on Troponin T levels and Metallothionein of cardiac tissue in healthy male rats.

In this study, 20 Wistar male rats, aged 2 months with the weighted average of 180 ± 20 g, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: aerobic exercise (10) and control (10). The exercise group performed physical exercise 5 days a week according to the training program for 8 weeks. During this period, the control group did not exercise at all. After 8 weeks of training, independent t- test was used to analyze the data.

The results demonstrated there was no significant difference between the average Troponin T (P=0.77) in the exercise and control groups. No significant difference was also observed between Metallothionein in the training and control groups (P=0.15).

It was revealed that the aerobic program used in the present study did not lead to increased cTnT which is indicative of cardiac injury. However, it increased Metallothionein levels (though insignificant) that can be helpful in preventing cardiac injury.

lL-17 and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of endurance training on IL-17 and IL-18 in heart tissue of rats which have been poisoned by cadmium.

Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) sham, 3) cadmium and 4) high intensity interval training (HIIT training) with cadmium. HIIT training was performed 8 weeks and 3 days a week (80 to 110% of their VO2max). Cadmium groups received 2mg/kg cadmium intraperitoneally everyday. At the end of protocol, the rats were sacrificed and their heart tissues were prepared to measure gene expression of IL-17 and IL-18. The data was analyzed by independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA (P≥ 0.05).

The HIIT training led to significantly reducing IL-17 and IL-18 gene expression in heart issue of rats (P= 0.001).

The 8 weeks of HIIT training will improve the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats which have been poisoned by cadmium.